Beyond the two disciplines of scientific psychology

Cronbach, L. J. (1975). Beyond the two disciplines of scientific psychology. American Psychologist, 30(2), 116-127

Aptitude X Treatment Interactions (ATIs)
Typical ATI study is a two group experiment and a slope is formed by the measure of outcome and the score before treatment of two groups. The slopes of two treatments differ and that is evidence of ATI.

College success’ relation to Achievement via Independence (Ai) and to Achievement via Conformance (Ac)
Student scores high on AI if he says “I do good work when I can set tasks for myself”
Outcomes were indeed better when the student’s style of learning matched the instructor’s press
Majasan (1972) suspected that instructor communicates better to students who has similar beliefs with his.
He develops a bipolar scale: with humanistic (H) and behavioristic (B)
Humanistic: specific principles that apply to unique individuals.
the primary concern should be subjective experiences underlying people’s actions
Behavioristic: general principles that apply to all individuals.
the primary concern should be people’s observable actions capable of objective interpretation

- constructively motivated student is at his best when instructor challenges him and leaves him with his own thoughts and projects.
- defensive student tends to profit when the instructorlays out the work in detail

Snow and Cronbach: high spatial ability is successful when the instruction has diagrams and minimizes words, and when instructions are complex diagrams become very helpful for mentally understanding.