In Defense of Advance Organizers

Ausubel, D.P. (1978). In Defense of Advance Organizers: A Reply to the Critics. Review of Educational Research, 48, 251-257.


advance organizers: introductory material at higher level of abstraction, generality and inclusiveness
-one can identify advance organizer by comparing the learning passage and knowledge of the pupil's. 
expository organizers: used when the learning material is completely new
comparative organizers: used when the learning material is familiar and relatable to previously learned ideas
- not only provide scaffolding, but also identifies by similarities and differences between new and previously learned 
- author suggests that we should expect advance organizers to facilitate learning only for high ability students, if only small percentage of the students can pass the test